Skip to main content Skip to search Skip to main navigation
Evelina

by Evelina

Peggy Guggenheim: A Life in Art


Key facts at a glance

  • Peggy Guggenheim was born in 1898 as the heiress to a US fortune. Her life was shrouded in legend from an early age; her father died in 1912 when the Titanic sank.
  • In the 1920s, she moved to Paris. There, she came into contact with the avant-garde, met various artists, and Marcel Duchamp became an important mentor to her.
  • In 1938, she moved to London and opened the Galerie Guggenheim Jeune there. Under the motto ‘one picture a day’, she began her career as a collector.
  • During the war, she returned to New York and founded Art of This Century, with the aim of promoting young artists such as Jackson Pollock, Wassily Kandinsky, Max Ernst and Joan Miró.
  • From 1949, she lived in the Palazzo Venier dei Leoni in Venice. The Peggy Guggenheim Collection is still housed there today – her legacy as a major patron of modern art.

A name at the crossroads of history

There are people whose lives seem to act as a crossroads where the great narratives of an era intersect. Peggy Guggenheim was one such person. Her name is linked to the sinking of the Titanic as well as the love stories of Samuel Beckett, the flight of the European avant-garde from the Nazis as well as the birth of Abstract Expressionism in New York. Her life also tells a chapter of world history, seen through the eyes of a woman who was never content merely to be a spectator.


Background: a burden and an opportunity

Marguerite Guggenheim was born in 1898 into a family whose name was synonymous with American mining wealth. Yet for the young Peggy, wealth by no means meant security. Her father, Benjamin, was amongst the passengers on the Titanic and died in 1912 when the ship sank. According to reports, he refused to take a place in a lifeboat, instead putting on his evening dress and, as he is said to have remarked, wishing to go down as a gentleman. This story, half legend, half fact, stayed with Peggy throughout her life. The inheritance she received was considerable, yet within the family she was long regarded as the ‘insignificant’ Guggenheim. Her longing for a sense of belonging drove her to seek her own path – one that led not through inherited wealth or social standing, but through her intuition, navigating the chaotic milieu of the European art scene.

Skip product gallery
Opera 2-1025A
53 x 43

€350.00*
Opera 2-1025A
Opera 2-1025B
53 x 43

€350.00*
Opera 2-1025B
Opera 1-1025B
53 x 43

€350.00*
Opera 1-1025B
Opera 1-1025A
53 x 43

€350.00*
Opera 1-1025A
Opus Copmpsitum: Opera 7-0925
70 x 50

€850.00*
Opus Copmpsitum: Opera 7-0925
Opus Compositum: Opera 3-0925
70 x 50

€550.00*
Opus Compositum: Opera 3-0925
SOLD
Opus Compositum: Opera 05-0925
74 x 50

€550.00*
Opus Compositum: Opera 05-0925
Opus compositum: Opera 01-0925
75 x 59

€850.00*
Opus compositum: Opera 01-0925
Opus compositum: Opera 02-0925
75 x 70

€550.00*
Opus compositum: Opera 02-0925
Opus compositum: Opera 04-0925
100 x 74

€1,100.00*
Opus compositum: Opera 04-0925

Paris, bohemian life and a piece of advice from Samuel Beckett

In the 1920s, she left New York and immersed herself in bohemian Paris, the city where Ezra Pound, James Joyce and Man Ray were neighbours and art was as essential as the air one breathes. She married the artist Laurence Vail and led a life that was as free as it was turbulent. Her relationships were often passionate, complicated and not infrequently marked by mutual hurt. Among her lovers, for a brief time, was the young Samuel Beckett. He is said to have advised her to concern herself not with the art of the past, but with that of her own time. That single sentence may well have altered the course of modern art history, for Peggy took it literally. Marcel Duchamp became the most important mentor to her artistic eye. He taught her to distinguish between Cubism and Surrealism , introduced her to studios and debates, and helped her to evolve from an enthusiastic amateur into a knowledgeable collector.


A picture a day

In 1938, Peggy Guggenheim opened her first gallery, Guggenheim Jeune, in London. Financially, it was not a success, but it marked the beginning of her career as a collector, gallery owner and patron of modern art. She organised over twenty exhibitions there, including Wassily Kandinsky’s first solo exhibition in London, a monographic exhibition on Jean Cocteau, the first group exhibition on the theme of collage in the United Kingdom, and a much-discussed exhibition of contemporary sculpture. Furthermore, Guggenheim planned to establish the first museum of modern art in London. Together with the art critic Herbert Read, she drew up a list of artists whose works were to form the core of the collection. However, the project came to nothing with the outbreak of the Second World War. Peggy Guggenheim did not abandon her plan. Instead of opening a museum, she decided to acquire the works herself. This gave rise to her famous motto: ‘Buy a picture a day.’

Julia Oleinicenko – Surrealist painting

Surrealism emerged in Paris in the 1920s as an avant-garde art and literary movement. The Surrealists were interested in the unconscious, dreams, fantasies and irrational thoughts. The aim was to transcend the limits of rational perception and to reveal a reality that defies logic.

Maria Magdalena Ianchis – ONCE UPON A TIME THERE WAS LIFE, PERSPECTIVE, 2020/2021

Collage is an artistic technique in which different materials, images or fragments are assembled to form a new overall picture. The term derives from the French word ‘coller’ (‘to stick’). Collage became particularly important in the 20th century with the Dadaists and Surrealists.

Collecting in times of war

The real dramatic turning point came in 1939. Whilst war was sweeping across Europe and many collectors were selling off their collections, fleeing or hiding them, Peggy Guggenheim stuck to her resolve to acquire one work of art every day. Many artists were already on the run or living in a state of existential uncertainty, whilst their works, as modern art, were increasingly coming under the scrutiny of the Nazi regime. As a Jewish woman, Peggy Guggenheim was also at risk. As the German occupation of France drew nearer, she fled to the United States. Concealed amongst furniture and household goods, numerous works by the European avant-garde crossed the Atlantic with her, thus escaping their uncertain fate in Nazi Europe. At the same time, she used her contacts and financial resources to enable artists such as André Breton and Max Ernst – whom she later married – to flee Europe.


New York, Art of This Century and a craftsman from Wyoming

In 1942, Peggy Guggenheim opened the Art of This Century gallery in New York, whose spectacular interior design was created by Frederick Kiesler. Curved walls, unusual lighting effects and works displayed as if floating freely transformed the gallery itself into a work of art and broke with the conventions of the traditional exhibition space. 
There she exhibited leading figures of the European avant-garde, including works by artists such as Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Joan Miró and Max Ernst, whilst also providing a platform for young American artists. Among the artists she supported was Jackson Pollock, a young artist who occasionally carried out repairs at her gallery. She signed him to a contract, supported him with a monthly stipend and, in 1943, organised his first solo exhibition, which attracted considerable attention and marked an important step in his later career.

Criticism as motivation

Not everyone in her circle took her seriously. When Peggy championed Wassily Kandinsky and sought to introduce her uncle Solomon to his work, she turned to his art adviser and confidante, Hilla Rebay. The response was scathing: Rebay described Peggy’s gallery and her taste in art as mediocre and dismissed her judgement as insignificant. Rather than being discouraged, Peggy turned this rejection into motivation. Herbert Read is even said to have advised her to frame the letter and hang it up in her gallery. Art history would ultimately prove Peggy right and show that it is sometimes worth trusting one’s own judgement more than the voices of established authorities.


Venice

In 1949, Peggy Guggenheim finally moved to Venice, into the unfinished Palazzo Venier dei Leoni on the Grand Canal – a house without an upper floor, which became her trademark. She lived there with her collection and her dogs until her death in 1979. The palazzo served as both a home and an exhibition space. Visitors were often welcomed by Peggy herself and guided through the rooms where she lived amongst the works of modern art. The city, itself a museum steeped in history, thus became the final home of a woman who had dedicated her life to the art of her present and future.


A legacy that lives on

Today, the Palazzo Venier dei Leoni, known as the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, is one of Italy’s most visited museums. What was once a private collection is now one of the most significant collections of 20th-century art. Works that Peggy Guggenheim once acquired out of personal conviction are now considered icons of modern art. Her story shows that great collections rarely begin with certainties. They arise from curiosity, confidence in one’s own judgement, and a willingness to take new artistic approaches seriously long before they are widely recognised. Anyone walking through the rooms of the Palazzo today therefore encounters not only masterpieces, but also the decisions of a collector whose vision has had a lasting impact on art history.




Skip product gallery
Blanker Hans
95 x 115

€3,500.00*
Blanker Hans
Große Erwartungen
165 x 185

€5,800.00*
Große Erwartungen
Die fallenden Glocken
130 x 105

€3,850.00*
Die fallenden Glocken
SOLD
Unterhaltung als mechanisches Bedürfnis
110 x 90

€3,300.00*
Unterhaltung als mechanisches Bedürfnis
SOLD
Ohne Titel
145 x 115

€4,000.00*
Ohne Titel
SOLD
Der Keitumer Glockenturm
185 x 165

€5,400.00*
Der Keitumer Glockenturm
SOLD
Selbstreflektion 1
50 x 60

€1,600.00*
Selbstreflektion 1
Sie schnauben und schäumen
80 x 95

€2,700.00*
Sie schnauben und schäumen
Ringreiter IX
160 x 200

€5,360.00*
Ringreiter IX
SOLD
Vogelfreund ll
165 x 180

€5,400.00*
Vogelfreund ll

Ready for your picture of the day?

Just like Peggy Guggenheim, our passion is promoting emerging and young artists. In our ‘Artist of the Month’ section, we showcase a particularly outstanding talent from the SKM community every month. Do pop by and see for yourself!

Did you also know that you can get free advice from us? Our founder, Erich Reich, will advise you personally on which artwork, artist or style suits you best. He might even share a tip or two....


Get your free art consultation


Frequently Asked Questions

Studierenden Kunstmarkt is the leading platform for student art in the German-speaking world. It enables art enthusiasts and art lovers to buy artworks directly from art students, thereby providing them with financial support whilst they are studying.

Studierenden Kunstmarkt was founded in 2020 by Erich Reich and his brother. Erich is still the managing director of Studierenden Kunstmarkt and, together with his team, has succeeded in creating a platform that brings together art lovers, those interested in art and art students. To this day, Studierenden Kunstmarkt is entirely self-funded and has not received any external funding from investors.

At any given time, there are several hundred art students and several thousand works of art on the Student Art Market. A good place to start if you’re looking for an initial overview of the artists is the ‘Artists of the Month’ section.

Just like normal galleries, Studierenden Kunstmarkt receives a commission on each artwork sold. This funds the running of the platform, its maintenance and the salaries of Studierenden Kunstmarkt’s staff. In addition, we support the students, are on hand to advise on any queries, and run free advertising for them on Instagram, Facebook, Google and in our email newsletter, which has several thousand art lovers as subscribers.

There are many ways you can start investing in young artists on the student art market. One option is to sign up for our free email course, ‘Become an Art Expert in 7 Days’. In it, we’ll share a few basics with you, as well as some of our insider tips on which artists have particular potential. Find out more

Take a look at our most popular artists at the Student Art Market

Toninho Dingl
Johanna Failer
Johanna Failer
Fancheng Xu
Valerie Cee
Valerie Cee
Kaan Ege Önal
Tom Gully
Tom Gully
Eunjeong Kim
Eunjeong Kim
Drew Mazyck
Drew Mazyck
Luna Stender

News banner

What sort of pictures are suitable for the kitchen?
Read more...
The Female Body and the Gaze in Art History
Read more...
Peggy Guggenheim: A Life in Art
Read more...
The best online art galleries: a comparison of 10 platforms
Read more...
A brief history of art: from cave dwellers to the modern era
Read more...
A summer dream blending art and literature
Read more...
What sort of art is best suited to the bedroom?
Read more...
6 tips on what to look out for when buying art
Read more...
Line, form and contrast – What is abstract art?
Read more...